Intelligent Navigation Technology
Maritime Safety Assurance Technology
Intelligent Collision Avoidance for Ships

Navigation (Part II)
Research Training and Academic Writing

Research Projects (Principal Investigator)
[1]Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (Young Doctor Innovation Project), Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (Project No. 2025J047): Modeling of Multi-Ship Interactive Behaviors and Collision Conflict Risk Estimation Considering Risk Attitudes under Incomplete Information Conditions, Jan. 2026–Dec. 2028, Funding: RMB 112,000.
[2]Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project (Project No. LQN26E090008): Distributed Formation Reconfiguration Strategy for Surface Unmanned Vehicles under Sudden Failures, Jan. 2026–Dec. 2027, Funding: RMB 100,000.
[3]General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education (Project No. Y202456104): Global Path Planning of Autonomous Ships Based on AIS Spatiotemporal Data, Oct. 2024–Oct. 2027, Funding: RMB 10,000.

Publications
[1]Liu, J.; Chen, X.; Zhu, K.; Gao, M.; Zheng, P*. A ship–bridge collision risk assessment method based on surrogate safety measures and bivariate extreme value theory. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2026, 268.
[2]Liu, J.; Zhu, K.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, M.; Zheng, P*. Hybrid intelligence-driven global path planning for ships in complex maritime environments. Expert Systems with Applications, 2026, 312.
[3]Liu, J.; Zhu, K.; Shu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zheng, P*. Trajectory prediction model of a ship crossing under a bridge based on multi-head attention mechanism and Wasserstein GAN with gradient penalty. Ocean Engineering, 2025, 334.
[4]Liu, J.; Shi, G.*; Zhu, K. A novel ship collision risk evaluation algorithm based on the maximum interval of two ship domains and the violation degree of two ship domains. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 255.
[5]Liu, J.; Zhu, K.; Zhang, Y.; Zheng, P*. Impact of the transportation organisation integration policy at Ningbo-Zhoushan Port using the double machine learning difference-in-differences model. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 2026, 22(1):82–117.
[6]Liu, J.; Shi, G.*; Zhu, K.; et al. Research on MASS collision avoidance in complex waters based on Deep Reinforcement Learning. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023, 11(4):779.
[7]Liu, J.; Shi, G.*; Zhu, K. Online multiple outputs Least-Squares Support Vector Regression model of ship trajectory prediction based on Automatic Information System data and selection mechanism. IEEE Access, 2020, 8:154727–154745.
[8]Liu, J.; Shi, G.*; Zhu, K. Vessel trajectory prediction model based on AIS sensor data and adaptive chaos differential evolution support vector regression (ACDE-SVR). Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(15):2983.
[9]Liu, J.; Shi, G.; Zhu, K. High-Precision Combined Tidal Forecasting Model. Algorithms, 2019, 12(3):65–65.
[10]Gao, M.*; Jia, C.; Liu, J.*; Geng, X.; Ding, G.; Shi, P.; Xia, Y.; Chen, S.; Kang, Z.; Zhang, A. Swarm of MASSs Cyber-Security for Anti-Hijack System Based on Blockchain and Chaotic-Steganography Using VRF-PBFT and Encoder-Decoder Deep Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025.
[11]Zhu, K.; Liu, J.; Li, H.; Xu, M.; Shu, Y*. A data-driven global screening framework for exposure-informed ship roll risk mapping using AIS and ERA5. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2026.
[12]Zhu, K.; Liu, J.; Shu, Y*. A geometry consistent model for evaluating ship damaged stability at arbitrary attitudes based on the Quasi-Bonjean and the NSGA-II method. Ocean Engineering, 2026.
[13]Mei, B.; Du, H.; Liu, J.; Li, W.; Zhou, L*. Toward brash ice recognition for convoyed ship following: a segmentation framework combining segment-anything and morphological Chan-Vese models. Ocean Engineering, 2026.
[14]Wu, T.; Liu, Z.; Shi, G.*; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. Resilient fixed-time observer-based collision-free cooperative encirclement control of multi-USVs under DoS attacks. Ocean Engineering, 2026.
[15]Zhu, K.; Shi, G.*; Liu, J. Improved flattening algorithm for NURBS curve based on bisection feedback search algorithm and interval reformation method. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 247:110635.
[16]Gao, M.; Shi, G.*; Liu, J. Ship encounter azimuth map division based on Automatic Identification System data and Support Vector Classification. Ocean Engineering, 2020, 213:107636.

Patents
[1]Liu, J.; Zhu, K.; Zheng, P.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, Y.; Fan, W. A ship trajectory prediction method for ships passing under bridges. Chinese Patent No. ZL 202411571090.X, granted Sep. 26, 2025.
[2]Shi, G.; Liu, J.; Zhu, K.; Shi, J. A ship collision risk evaluation method based on fuzzy quaternion ship domain and support vector machine. Chinese Patent No. ZL 202210557193.5, granted Mar. 7, 2025.
[3]Shi, G.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, J.; Gao, M.; Wang, Y. A path planning method for surface unmanned vehicles based on improved Bi-RRT algorithm guided by artificial potential field. Chinese Patent No. ZL 202210103181.5, granted May 24, 2024.